What Is Multiple Sclerosis? (article)
Scientists do not fully understand what causes MS, a disease that often weaken.Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the central nervous system, and a network of nerves located throughout the brain and spinal cord, and the rest of your body.
Nervous system consists of nerve fibers that transmit electrical impulses composed.
This is encapsulated nerve fibers in the fatty tissue called myelin, which helps to transfer impulses.
In multiple sclerosis, the myelin sheath that covers nerve fibers becomes inflamed and is gradually destroyed, leaving areas of scar tissue is incomplete (sclerosis, also called plate or lesions) that disrupt electrical impulses between the brain and other parts of the body.
In addition, it can also be the underlying nerve fibers damaged or destroyed.
This nerve damage leads to a variety of MS symptoms, such as numbness or tingling, balance problems, weakness, pain, muscle cramps, and blurred vision.
MS prevalence and Statistics
More than 2.3 million people affected by multiple sclerosis worldwide, according to the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (NMSS), which makes it a relatively rare disease.
More than 10 percent of them, between 250,000 and 350,000, live in the United States.
MS is more common in women than in men, although the gender difference is much smaller for some types of cancer.
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The evolution of MS?
Anyone can develop MS, but many patients share the following characteristics:
Age: the majority of the first symptoms between the ages of 20 and 40 experience.
Race: Caucasians more than twice as likely as other races to develop MS.
Gender: MS is 2-3 times more common in women as in men, according to the NMSS.
Climate: MS is five times more common in temperate climates - such as the northern United States, Canada and Europe - than in tropical climates.
Genes: people who are close relatives MS are more likely to develop the disease, but there is no evidence directly inherited disease.
What causes MS?
Scientists do not know exactly what causes multiple sclerosis.
But there is increasing evidence that the immune system plays a prominent role in its development, and some scientists believe MS is one of autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and type 1 diabetes).
The immune system, which normally protects the body by fighting foreign bodies such as bacteria, may instead attack the myelin in the central nervous system.
Some researchers suspect that these attacks are triggered by certain types of viral infections.
Researchers have also noted that some groups of people are more susceptible to MS than others, which shows that there is a genetic component to this disease.
Types of MS
MS following a small number of recognized patterns:
Relapsing MS (RRMS): In this type of MS, and the patient is facing a series of symptoms of active periods, called attacks, flares or relapses.
The attacks follow these quiet periods called remissions where symptoms become much less unit.
Remissions may continue for months or years before a relapse.
RRMS is the most common form of MS type - Estimates vary, but between 80 and 90 percent of people who suffer from MS are diagnosed with relapsing-remitting disease this session, most people with RRMS eventually develop secondary MS- progressive.
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS): This mode starts after relapsing course. Disease progresses gradually, punctuated by sharp attacks.
More than half of patients who start with RRMS will develop SPMS within 10 years, and the number rises to 90 percent within 25 years.
Primary progressive MS (products): This style is characterized by a gradual worsening of symptoms. Patients generally do not face acute exacerbations.
While there are no distinct remissions, patients with products may be temporary plateaus during which reduce the symptoms to some extent. The diagnosis of about 10 to 15 percent of people who suffer from MS with the products, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.
Progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS): In this mode, and patients with the gradual progress of the disease and this is accompanied by acute exacerbations as well.
PRMS is a relatively rare form of the disease: Less than 10% of people who suffer from MS have PRMS disease.
In addition to these four types of MS, a small percentage of people with MS have a benign form of the disease, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.
In benign form of MS, after the initial attacks, the symptoms of too little progress over the life of each individual.
There is some debate about the (mother) for the classification of people with MS are benign, because the progress of the disease can vary on the lives of every individual, according to NMSS.
A small number of patients who have malignant MS, characterized by the rapid decline that leads to disability and even death.
Complications of MS
Bladder problems are very common in people who suffer from MS, which affects at least 80 percent of them, according to the National Association of MS.
Some people are hard to hold urine (incontinence), while others can not empty the bladder completely (retention).
This flaw could also lead to bladder infections in the kidneys.
If microbes find their way into the bloodstream, the infection can cause sepsis, whole-body inflammation, which in turn may cause organ failure and death.
In fact, it may be the biggest reason for the sepsis mortality associated with MS, according to a report in 2014 in the journal PLoS One.
Sometimes, people with MS difficulty in chewing and swallowing. This can allow food and liquids to deposit in the lungs.
This may lead to fatal complications: pneumonia, respiratory, and that the development of inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs.
MS may also cause respiratory muscles to become weak, reducing the removal of air mine, which increase the risk of lung cancer and other respiratory infections.
The inflammatory lung why the second-largest of the deaths caused by MS, PLoS one reported in 2014. Other research gives them the top spot.
Many people with MS require a cane or crutches, which increases the risk of physical injuries resulting from falls and accidents.
MS and depression
Depression is common among people who have MS, although scientists do not fully understand the relationship between depression and MS.
On the one hand, depression may be a direct result of the immune system attack on myelin protective sheaths that envelop the nerve fibers, causing behavioral changes, including depression.
Multiple sclerosis can also change the neuroendocrine system known in the body, which oversees the release of hormones, including hormones implicated in depression, such as serotonin.
On the other hand, depression may develop as a result of the pressures and challenges associated with the presence of MS.
In addition, the drugs used to treat MS, such as interferon beta, and can also cause depression.
MS Prognosis
Although it can be MS sometimes debilitating disease, the vast majority of people who have not become severely disabled, according to the National Association of MS.
About a third of people who suffer from MS completely lose their ability to walk, while many others are working with sticks, crutches, or scooters or wheelchairs mechanism for long distances.
People who suffer from MS who have a better prognosis usually those who:
Female
The youngest of 30 when he began disease
Do you have a rare attacks
Do you have RRMS
We have a lot of signs of disease in diagnostic scans
Life expectancy MS
MS is rarely fatal, and many people with the disease have a life expectancy that is about as long as that of the general population.
In addition, with the best treatments available now, the life expectancy of people with MS over the years increased.
According to a study published in 2014 in the Journal of MS and disorders of multiple related disease, people in the United States with MS have a life expectancy that is shorter six years of people without the disease,
And it is linked to MS with various life-threatening complications, and thus lower life expectancy.
There is no cure for MS, but there are many medications that may slow down the development of some forms of the disease and reduce the frequency and severity of relapses.
And showed a research report in 2012 in the journal Neurology infected with the disease who are taking these drugs have an average life expectancy is better than those who do not.
Resources
Questions and answers multiple sclerosis. National MS Society.
Types of MS. National MS Society.
Multiple sclerosis (MS). Johns Hopkins Medicine.
Harbo and others. (2013). "Sex and gender issues in multiple sclerosis." Therapeutic developments in neurological disorders.
Gooden and others. (2012). "Survival in Multiple Sclerosis: cohort study randomized after 21 years from the start of the trial IFN?-1B pivotal." Neurology.
Gooden and others. (2012) "The cause of death in MS: long-term follow-up of five randomized, after 21 years from the start of the study IFN?-1B pivotal." British Medical Journal Open.
Gooden and others. (2014). "Causes of death among commercially insured patients with multiple sclerosis in the United States." PLoS one.
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